Narrative and Descriptive
Narrative
text is a kind of text to retell the story that past tense. The purpose of the
text is to entertain or to amuse the readers or listeners about the story.
The generic
structure of Narrative text :
- Orientation :
It set the
scene and introduce the participants (it answers the question : who, when,
what, and where).
- Complication :
Tells the
problems of the story and how the main characters solve them.
- Resolution :
The crisis
is revolved, for better or worse.
- Re-orientation :
The ending
of the story.
- Evaluation :
The stepping
back to evaluate the story or the moral message of the story
Linguistic
features :
1. Use
active verbs.
2. Use past
tense.
3. Use
conjunction.
4. The first
person (I or We) or the third person (He, She, or They).
5. Use
specific nouns.
6. Use
adjective and adverbs
Kind of
Narrative text :
1. Legend :
Sangkuriang, Malin Kundang, etc.
2. Fable :
Mousedeer and crocodile.
3. Fairy
tale : Cinderella, Snow white, Pinocchio, etc.
4. Science
fiction
Example of
Narrative text :
Sleeping
Beauty
Long ago
there lived a King and Queen who said every day, “If only we had a child!” But
for a long time they had none.
One day, as
the Queen was bathing in a spring and dreaming of a child, a frog crept out of
the water and said to her, “Your wish shall be fulfilled. Before a year has
passed you shall bring a daughter into the world.”
And since
frogs are such magical creatures, it was no surprise that before a year had
passed the Queen had a baby girl. The child was so beautiful and sweet that the
King could not contain himself for joy. He prepared a great feast and invited
all his friends, family and neighbours. He invited the fairies, too, in order
that they might be kind and good to the child. There were thirteen of them in his
kingdom, but as the King only had twelve golden plates for them to eat from,
one of the fairies had to be left out. None of the guests was saddened by this
as the thirteenth fairy was known to be cruel and spiteful.
An amazing
feast was held and when it came to an end, each of the fairies presented the
child with a magic gift. One fairy gave her virtue, another beauty, a third
riches and so on — with everything in the world that anyone could wish for.
After eleven
of the fairies had presented their gifts, the thirteenth suddenly appeared. She
was angry and wanted to show her spite for not having been invited to the
feast. Without hesitation she called out in a loud voice,
“When she is
fifteen years old, the Princess shall prick herself with a spindle and shall
fall down dead!”
Then without
another word, she turned and left the hall.
The guests
were horrified and the Queen fell to the floor sobbing, but the twelfth fairy,
whose wish was still not spoken, quietly stepped forward. Her magic could not
remove the curse, but she could soften it so she said,
“Nay, your
daughter shall not die, but instead shall fall into a deep sleep that will last
one hundred years.”
Over the
years, the promises of the fairies came true — one by one. The Princess grew to
be beautiful, modest, kind and clever. Everyone who saw her could not help but
love her.
The King and
Queen were determined to prevent the curse placed on the Princess by the
spiteful fairy and sent out a command that all the spindles in the whole
kingdom should be destroyed. No one in the kingdom was allowed to tell the
Princess of the curse that had been placed upon her for they did not want her
to worry or be sad.
On the
morning of her fifteenth birthday, the Princess awoke early — excited to be
another year older. She was up so early in the morning, that she realized
everyone else still slept. The Princess roamed through the halls trying to keep
herself occupied until the rest of the castle awoke. She wandered about the
whole place, looking at rooms and halls as she pleased and at last she came to
an old tower. She climbed the narrow, winding staircase and reached a little
door. A rusty key was sticking in the lock and when she turned it, the door
flew open.
In a little
room sat an old woman with a spindle, busily spinning her flax. The old woman
was so deaf that she had never heard the King’s command that all spindles
should be destroyed.
“Good
morning, Granny,” said the Princess, “what are you doing?”
“I am
spinning,” said the old woman.
“What is the
thing that whirls round so merrily?” asked the Princess and she took the
spindle and tried to spin too.
But she had
scarcely touched the spindle when it pricked her finger. At that moment she
fell upon the bed which was standing near and lay still in a deep sleep.
The King,
Queen and servants had all started their morning routines and right in the
midst of them fell asleep too. The horses fell asleep in the stable, the dogs
in the yard, the doves on the roof and the flies on the wall. Even the fire in
the hearth grew still and went to sleep. The kitchen maid, who sat with a
chicken before her, ready to pluck its feathers, fell asleep. The cook was in
the midst of scolding the kitchen boy for a mess he’d made but they both fell
fast asleep. The wind died down and on the trees in front of the castle not a
leaf stirred.
Round the
castle a hedge of brier roses began to grow up. Every year it grew higher until
at last nothing could be seen of the sleeping castle.
There was a
legend in the land about the lovely Sleeping Beauty, as the King’s daughter was
called, and from time to time Princes came and tried to force their way through
the hedge and into the castle. But they found it impossible for the thorns, as
though they were alive, grabbed at them and would not let them through.
After many
years a Prince came again to the country and heard an old man tell the tale of
the castle which stood behind the brier hedge and the beautiful Princess who
had slept within for a hundred years. He heard also that many Princes had tried
to make it through the brier hedge but none had succeeded and many had been
caught in it and died.
The the
young Prince said, “I am not afraid. I must go and see this Sleeping Beauty.”
The good old
man did all in his power to persuade him not to go, but the Prince would not
listen.
Now the
hundred years were just ended. When the Prince approached the brier hedge it
was covered with beautiful large roses. The shrubs made way for him of their
own accord and let him pass unharmed.
In the
courtyard, the Prince saw the horses and dogs lying asleep. On the roof sat the
sleeping doves with their heads tucked under their wings. When he went into the
house, the flies were asleep on the walls and the servants asleep in the halls.
Near the throne lay the King and Queen, sleeping peacefully beside each other.
In the kitchen the cook, the kitchen boy and the kitchen maid all slept with
their heads resting on the table.
The Prince
went on farther. All was so still that he could hear his own breathing. At last
he reached the tower and opened the door into the little room where the
Princess was asleep. There she lay, looking so beautiful that he could not take
his eyes off her. He bent down and gave her a kiss. As he touched her, Sleeping
Beauty opened her eyes and smiled up at him.
Throughout
the castle, everyone and everything woke up and looked at each other with
astonished eyes. Within the month, the Prince and Sleeping Beauty were married
and lived happily all their lives.
Descriptive
A
descriptive text is a text which lists the characteristics of something. Take
an example, the following is one of the text belongs to the descriptive text.
Prambanan
Temple
Prambanan is
the largest Hindu temple compound in Central Java in Indonesia, located
approximately 18 km east of Yogyakarta.
The temple
is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the largest Hindu temples in
south-east Asia. It is characterised by its tall and pointed architecture,
typical of Hindu temple architecture, and by the 47m high central building
inside a large complex of individual temples.
It was built
around 850 CE by either Rakai Pikatan, king of the second Mataram dynasty, or
Balitung Maha Sambu, during the Sanjaya Dynasty. Not long after its
construction, the temple was abandoned and began to deteriorate. Reconstruction
of the compound began in 1918. The main building was completed in around 1953.
Much of the original stonework has been stolen and reused at remote
construction sites. A temple will only be rebuilt if at least 75% of the
original stones are available, and therefore only the foundation walls of most
of the smaller shrines are now visible and with no plans for their reconstruction.
The temple
was damaged during the earthquake in Java in 2006. Early photos suggest that
although the complex appears to be structurally intact, damage is significant.
Large pieces of debris, including carvings, were scattered over the ground. The
temple has been closed to the public until damage can be fully assessed. The
head of Yogyakarta Archaeological Conservation Agency stated that: “it will
take months to identify the precise damage”. However, some weeks later in 2006
the site re-opened for visitors. The immediate surroundings of the Hindu
temples remain off-limits for safety reasons.
We get the
purpose from the text above that description is used in all forms of writing to
create a vivid impression of a person, place, object or event e.g. to: ·
- Describe a special place and explain why it is special.
- Describe the most important person in your live.
- Describe the animal’s habit in your report.
Descriptive
writing or text is usually also used to help writer develop an aspect of their
work, e.g. to create a particular mood, atmosphere or describe a place so that
the reader can create vivid pictures of characters, places, objects etc. To
complete our intention to, here are the characteristics based on descriptive
writing or text, below;
As a
feature, description is a style of writing which can be useful for other
variety of purposes as:
- To engage a reader’s attention
- To create characters
- To set a mood or create an atmosphere
- To being writing to life
While in
language function, descriptive writing;
- Aims to show rather than tell the reader what something/someone is like
- Relies on precisely chosen vocabulary with carefully chosen adjectives and adverbs.
- Is focused and concentrates only on the aspects that add something to the main purpose of the description.
- Sensory description-what is heard, seen, smelt, felt, tasted.Precise use of adjectives, similes, metaphors to create images/pictures in the mind e.g. their noses were met with the acrid smell of rotting flesh.
- Strong development of the experience that “put the reader there” focuses on key details, powerful verbs and precise nouns.
Beyond the
characteristics stated on, descriptive writing also consists of generic
structure in range as:
- General statement
- Explanation
- Closing
The
description text has dominant language features as follows:
- Using Simple Present Tense
- Using action verbs
- Using passive voice
- Using noun phrase
- Using adverbial phrase
- Using technical terms
- Using general and abstract noun
- Using conjunction of time and cause-effect.
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